Технологічні особливості забезпечення процесу завантаження повітряних суден

Abstract

Стаття присвячена дослідженню технологічних особливостей процесу завантаження та вирішенню проблеми оптимізації завантаження повітряного судна. Наведено відмінності пасажирських та вантажних перевезень, послідовність процесу завантаження та особливості процесу відбору та пакування вантажу. Проведено аналіз технологічного процесу завантаження, який вказує на необхідність пошуку оптимізаційних рішень, що включають комбінацію сучасних методів оптимізації завантаження, евристики та математичного програмування. Abstract. The article is devoted to specificities of an aircraft cargo loading process. The research defines differences between passenger and cargo transportations, order of the loading process and peculiarities of packing and cargo selection. Detail analysis of the loading process ec l ic l c i i ic es ecessi y f im l ecisi ’s se c i , i cl es combination of current methods of load optimization, heuristics and mathematical programming. Objective: To highlight some peculiar aspects in cargo loading technological process. Methods: Mathematical programming, heuristics. Results. Upgrading of program solutions in load optimization process. Scientific novelty: combining of heuristics with previously studied methods of mathematical programming. Practical significance: The high speed delivery of commodities guarantees the quick transportation service, that is valuable for a temperature sensitive cargo. Air cargo loading process plays a significant role in the ai c m y’s w i fl e ces e ll e i s el i s i between air cargo companies, third party organizations and stakeholders. The aim of the research is analyzing of peculiarities of aircraft loading process technological chain and searching for alternatives and various directions. There is a substantial difference between cargo and passenger process aspects. Air cargo transportations provide a wide range of "from point to point" service and transit route service. Schematically it is presented as an interaction between shipper – forwarder – ground transport ("load feeder service") – air company − consignee. In order to order a handling process, cargo is usually packed into pallets or containers, which are called unit load devices – ULD. Loading process is a complex process, that includes four separate handling processes: cargo separating, cargo excluding, removing and cargo distribution. These processes have finite grouping rules. Cargo selection and packing process in terminal is the most expensive operation process. On this stage ULDs are filled with cargo. In addition, it is worth to highlight that the loading process is constantly forced by the time constraints. Every aircraft has a definite time of departure and is not able to provide delays, caused by the lack of a single container. Therefore, decisions, which are made on cargo selecting and packing stage e s l ’ be e iewe f e . Aircraft loading process is a complicate multi-component procedure that requires consideration of packing and load balancing aspects. It is obvious that upgrading of program decisions within cargo forming, packing, loading and unloading processes is necessary.