Застосування безпілотних літальних апаратів у сільському господарстві України

Abstract

В статті розглянуто стан сільськогосподарської безпілотної авіації в України, визначено основні фактори, що обмежують її використання, окреслено можливі шляхи їх подолання. Зазначено, що використання безпілотної авіаційної техніки у сільському господарстві передбачає розвиток тісної співпраці між вітчизняними виробниками, експлуатантами та споживачами послуг безпілотної авіаційної техніки. The article deals with the factors limiting the use of unmanned aerial vehicles in Ukrainian agriculture and the possible ways to overcome them. More recently, decline in the income of domestic farmers caused by significant price escalation for energy, agricultural chemicals, crop seeds, crop protection agents, land rent, taxes, etc. For this reason, farmers look for new ways of yield enhancement. The introduction of precision farming elements, such us unmanned aerial vehicles, will increase the production of high-quality crop with low cost-price by optimizing of crop production technology within the limits of field or crop rotation with the most efficient use of material and physical resources. It is noted that the limited use of unmanned aerial vehicles, which is mainly represented by foreign-made drones, is a due to their high price. This makes it impossible to use the innovation technologies by smallholder and medium-sized farms. In this case, the use of competitive domestic unmanned aerial vehicles makes it possible to provide precision farming services to these farmer categories. Such unmanned aerial vehicles include, but not limited to, drones were developed in the National Aviation University and in the National Aerospace University named after M. Zhukovsky "Kharkiv Aviation Institute". Ukrainian farmers are often not up to date with the potential increase their own farms profitability through the use of precision farming elements such as unmanned aerial vehicles. For this reason, the necessity for working partnership of domestic manufacturers, operators and recipients of precision farming services is emphasized. It is noted that the cost-effectiveness analysis techniques of precision farming elements application and the development of information systems for management decision making in farms are promising areas for further researches.