Формування професійно важливих якостей у майбутніх фахівців екстремальних професій як складова підвищення ефективності їх фахової підготовки

Abstract

У статті актуалізується питання підвищення ефективності професійної підготовки майбутніх фахівців, зокрема екстремальних видів професійної діяльності. Наголошується на важливості формування професійно важливих якостей як підвалинах якісної фахової підготовки. Аналізуються погляди науковців щодо диференціації структури професійно важливих якостей. Автором уточнюється, що професійно важливими якостями є психофізіологічні, які допомагають протидіяти негативним чинникам екстремальної фахової діяльності. Запропоновано ефективні шляхи формування професійно важливих якостей в освітньому процесі профільних закладів вищої освіти. The article actualizes the problem of increasing the efficiency of professional training of future specialists, in particular, extreme professions. It is said that over a decade, 70- 85% of accidents and catastrophes occur due to human fault. In this context, the human factor plays a key role, which is a unique and at the same time complex phenomenon, since it focuses on socio-political, psychological, economic, medical and biological, ethical and other aspects of scientific and technological progress. The nature of the human factor is currently stipulated by the problems of increasing the efficiency of professional training of specialists. It is emphasized the importance of forming professionally important qualities as the basis for quality professional training. It is stated that it is necessary to take into account the peculiarities of the professional activity of specialists of extreme professions (aviation, marine, military, etc.), the influence of negative factors and psycho- physiological stimuli upon specialists while performing professional tasks in order to gain resistance to them through the formation of the necessary professionally important qualities. The views of scholars on the differentiation of the structure of professionally important qualities are analyzed. The authors offer different approaches to the classification of professionally important qualities, but they all fall into the following blocks: personal, intellectual, psychophysiological, physiological, physical. The author stresses that psychophysiological professional qualities are very important, which helps to counteract the negative factors of extreme professional activity. Effective ways of formation of professionally important qualities in the educational process of specialized institutions of higher education are offered through introduction of integrated training. In the course of scientific research, the structural-logical schemes of training of future aviation specialists were analyzed and the working programs of disciplines, namely: “Physical education” (a cycle of disciplines in the humanities and socio-economic training), "Psychology" (cycle of disciplines of natural sciences (basic) training), "Safety of flights", "Opportunities and limitations of person in flight activities" (a cycle of disciplines of professional and practical training). Such disciplines are chosen purposefully to prove the importance of the interrelation of subjects of various disciplinary cycles in relation to the formation of professionally important qualities of future aviation specialists. It is concluded that for the complete objectivity of the formation of professionally important qualities for future specialists of extreme professions, it is necessary to take into account all the existing negative factors affecting the human body and working capacity as a whole.