Роль товариства «Просвіта» в українізації освіти в період виборювання державності: історичний досвід і сьогодення

Abstract

У статті розкрито роль товариства «Просвіта» у становленні та розвитку освітніх закладів України в період національно-демократичної революції. Проаналізовано основні форми діяльності «Просвіти»: створення народних шкіл, мережі позашкільної освіти, облаштування курсів для неписьменних, читання лекцій, поширення книг та журналів українською мовою тощо. Визначено спільні та особливі риси участі «Просвіти» у формуванні системи національно спрямованої початкової, середньої та вищої освіти. Вивчено стан наукової розробки та джерельне забезпечення досліджуваної проблеми, зроблено спробу подати огляд сучасних публікацій, дотичних до теми. At present time the national system of education is at the stage of deep reformation, the aim of which is to change fundamentally the ways and directions of development of educational institutions, to create favourable conditions for constructive work, but the main thing is to raise the level of knowledge and education of the young people, to prepare them more thoroughly for adaptation in varying environment. To do it, we need not only the knowledge but the ability for self-education and retraining. The theoretical idea of the scientists and practical activity of specialists in education work actively to find optimal ways, methods, and principles of the education system reform. The aim of the article is defined to study the "Prosvita" society contribution to Ukraine national system establishment taking into account the theme under study and the level of its scientific development. The detailed source analyses and works of present time scientists gave an opportunity to come to the following conclusion: enlightenment activity is the process of community grouping and activity with the purpose of mass expansion of enlightenment values among Ukrainian people and awakening of national consciousness; national consciousness includes the people’s understanding of their own dignity, national traditions, their inalienable right to be the subject of the history of their own development and the proprietor of the national wealth on the land of their ancestors; "Prosvita" society, as the Ukrainian nation creation participant, played the part of one of nation consolidation centres; awoke national consciousness of the Ukrainians, focused on the national idea in their activity. The national idea was raised to the ideology level. It allowed the society to become the subject of the Ukrainian national statehood creation of 1917-1921; in the period Ukrainian statehood creation "Prosvita" activity had constructive features. The infrastructure, designed by the organizations, became the component part of the state, which did not have their own national school at the beginning. In their turn, the authorities of the First UNR, the Ukrainian State, the WUNR, the Second UNR gave the respective support to the societies. Detailed analyses of the enlightenment mission of Ukrainian "Prosvita" societies shows that it has not been studied at the same level in chronological and regional aspects. The historiography of Galicia "Prosvita" is more diverse. Other regions of Ukraine are described less. The study that was carried out does not close all the aspects of the problem. More detailed study of Ukrainian "Prosvita" societies’ activity in extracurricular education and adult education, society contribution to the process of the education arrangement of the illiterate, struggle for expansion of Ukrainian-speaking education in Ukraine can be promising.