Професійна підготовка фахівців авіаційної галузі: зарубіжний досвід

Abstract

У статті аналізуються особливості й основні вимоги професійної підготовки авіаційних фахівців, зокрема пілотів і диспетчерів, у країнах Євросоюзу та США. Систематизуються професійні вимоги для отримання ліцензії «PPL» у названих країнах. Звертається увага на ролі гуманітарної підготовки майбутніх авіаторів. The article accentuates how important it is for Ukraine, undergoing eurointegration process to study foreign aviation education system, aviation specialists training experience of other countries and implement their positive practice in civil pilots professional training. Peculiarities and basic requirements of aviation specialists professional training, in particular – of pilots and controllers in EU and US, are being analyzed in the article. Civil pilot certificate types issued in flight schools of different countries are studied in the article as well. Initial certificate, opening way to further professional training of aviation specialist is PPL – private pilot (amateur pilot). Author of the article systematizes professional requirements to obtain PPL license in EU countries and US. Thus, to obtain FAA license of amateur pilot (PPL, US) one needs 40 hours of «total flight time», in particular – 10 hours of «solo» flight, out of which 5 hours of «solo cross-country» flight for more than 50-miles distance between airports, 3 hours of «dual cross-country flight» with instructor for more than 50-miles distance between airports. Moreover, there is one «theory exam» to take. In Europe «JAR – CPL» one needs the following aviation experience and training to obtain amateur pilot license («PPL»): 45 hours of «total flight time», in particular – 25 hours of «dual instruction» flights with instructor, out of which 10 hours of «solo» flight, 5 hours of night flight to obtain «night rating» – optional, 5 hours of «solo cross-country» between airports and one flight with total distance more than 150 nautical miles (270 km) with landing in two airports which are different from departure airport. There are nine theory exams to take (seven in GB). When considering disciplines taught during professional training of future aviation specialists, the author pays attention to the role of humanitarian training of future aviators, since in professional development underestimated role of humanitarian knowledge brings to inhibition of creative thinking potentials of future specialists. Conclusions: Taking into consideration the seriousness of the chosen profession, flight school cadets should realize their role in the future professional activity and directly in flight safety. The analysis of aviation specialists training systems in US and EU countries gives reasons to state the existence of strict requirements to theoretical knowledge and practical abilities and skills of candidates willing to obtain pilot and controller certificate.