Математична статистика як елемент педагогічної технології навчання у вищій школі

Abstract

У статті обґрунтовується необхідність застосування математичної статистики в науково-педагогічних дослідженнях і, зокрема, в педагогічних технологіях навчання у вищій школі; розглядається сутність вибіркового методу і організації вибіркових досліджень; дано порівняльну характеристику вибірок різних типів з прикладами можливостей їх застосування в організації і оцінці результатів педагогічного експерименту. The purpose of the article is to consider the application of some methods of mathematical statistics, namely, the sampling method and the organization of sampling analysis, for reconciling the relevance of the purpose and content of research tasks with the capabilities of mathematical and statistical procedures used in Pedagogical technologies in high school and solved by educators of humanitarian disciplines In any study, the result’s objectivity depends on the measurement's accuracy, data analyzing and processing. Statistical methods allow to systematize, to adapt scientifically and to submit the research materials, to verify their scientific validity. Among these methods, we consider the sampling method, which is the most widespread in many applications and, in particular, pedagogical research. Because of the pedagogical experiment, the under study student's characteristics of control and experimental groups are compared and a conclusion is made about the effectiveness of the new methodology and the advisability of its implementation into the educational process in high school. Usually, the characteristics of the control group unchanged during the experiment or characteristics have so slight changes that it does not affect the result. But for the objective researching of the pedagogical process, it is expedient to consider the organization and conduct of the pedagogical experiment in dynamics, that is, comparing the characteristics on the beginning of the experiment with the corresponding discrete or continuous changes during the experiment's course. The sampling method in mathematical statistics provides the basis for above-mentioned comparison. It is planned to devote another article to this. The concepts of the statistical population and the sampling are considered; depending on the purpose and content of the pedagogical research, the methodology of selecting the types of samples is determined, which ensures the correct representation of the probabilistic characteristics of the statistical population. The sampling method in mathematical statistics and the organization of sampling research on examples of pedagogical tasks are described. This should encourage higher school educators to acquire the necessary knowledge and understanding of mathematical statistics, to obtain skills to apply them. Although it will allow teachers to analyze information with the maximum accuracy and reliability, to use effectively acquired knowledge and skills in pedagogical technologies.