Збереження демографічного потенціалу України з позицій міжнародної мобільності

Abstract

У статті проаналізовано демографічну ситуацію в Україні. Визначено позитивні та негативні наслідки міжнародної мобільності населення на демографічний розвиток України. Авторами екстрапольовано чисельність населення України за умови незмінних показників народжуваності, тривалості життя та міграції. Увагу акцентовано заходам протидії демографічним втратам України. Запропоновано систему заходів організаційного характеру щодо нейтралізації загроз демографічного розвитку. Наголошено на необхідності удосконалення міграційної політики за умов врахування міграційних проблем у стратегічному плануванні. The article analyzes the demographic situation in Ukraine. The positive and negative consequences of the international mobility of the population on the demographic development of Ukraine are determined. The authors extrapolated the population of Ukraine under conditions of constant birth rates, life expectancy and migration. Attention is focused on measures to combat the demographic losses of Ukraine. For the development and successful implementation of the measures of the state migratory policy, the study and taking into account the age structure of migrants, their educational and professional qualification level is important, as the various groups of people differ significantly from each other by their migratory mobility, the effectiveness of regulating its migratory movement depends to a large extent on taking into account age, sex, education and qualifications of migrants. The peculiarity of modern migratory processes both within the state and abroad is a significantly higher level of education and professional qualifications of labour migrants than was the case in previous years. Taking into account the unfavorable demographic situation in the country, rapid aging of the population and inevitable in the near future shortage of labour force, migratory challenges and threats can not be neglected. Due to the increase in the volume of migration abroad, it seems urgent, firstly, to support the spontaneous model of circular migration in the hope of a possible return of migrants to the Motherland, and secondly, to ensure the legal employment of Ukrainian migrants abroad, non- discrimination and respect for their rights, in particular in the field of social security. A system of organizational measures to neutralize threats to demographic development is proposed. Emphasis is placed on the need to improve migration policy, taking into account migration issues in strategic planning.