Концесія як форма інвестування діяльності регіональних аеропортів України

Abstract

У статті розглянуто концесійні механізми як форму інвестування діяльності регіональних аеропортів України. На прикладах зарубіжних аеропортів розглянуто ефективний шлях успішного функціонування державного сектору економіки на основі концесії. Зроблена оцінка законодавства України на предмет концесії аеропортів. Розглянуто попередній як позитивний, так і негативний досвід передачі у концесію аеропортів України. Обґрунтовано необхідність вдосконалення механізму передачі у концесію регіональних аеропортів України. Запропоновано у подальших дослідженнях використовувати результати аналізу світового досвіду та України, а також результати оцінки чинного законодавства, щодо передачі аеропортів у концесію. The article considers concession mechanisms as a form of investing in the activities of regional airports of Ukraine. Commercialization of airports brings significant benefits to all participants in the aviation business: for the state (effective modern airport management structure; a new impetus for regional development); for airlines: (intensive growth of traffic, development of the air hub network: more opportunities to generate income); for clients: (quality of service; more flexible planning of movements; low prices and a big possibility of a choice) for workers of the aviation industry: (more opportunities of advancement; motivation). It is established that four different forms of private sector participation / involvement are used for the airport: 1. Management contract; 2. Lease (sometimes called a concession) 3. Transfer of a non-controlling interest and ownership of an airport (for a private joint stock company); 4. Control of part of the airport's activities by the private sector (including public-private partnership schemes). The example of foreign airports shows us an effective way to successfully operate the public sector of the economy on the basis of a concession. Based on the assessment of Ukrainian legislation on airport concessions, the main differences are identified: the concessionaire assumes operational risk, lack of guarantees from the concessionaire (local government) regarding the demand for air transportation, the concessionaire receives payment directly through part of the cost of services (tickets, rent, etc. .p.), the concessionaire may also pay for the readiness of the infrastructure in the event that the concessionaire reconstructs the infrastructure at his own expense. The Law on Concessions also provides for the presence of a creditor (an international bank, for example), the creditor has the right to initiate a change in the concessionaire as well as the concessionaire, in case of non- compliance with the requirements of the concessionaire. The applicant concessionaire must prove the need to apply the concession for a specific airport that interests him. Proof of positions is carried out on the basis of a feasibility study, master plan and business plan. The analysis of the previous experience of transfer to the concession of airports of Ukraine, determines the need to improve the concession mechanism. It is suggested to use the results of the analysis of the world experience and Ukraine in further research, as well as the results of the evaluation of the current legislation on the transfer of airports to concession.