Інвестиційні ресурси як економічна категорія та об’єкт підприємства

Abstract

Стаття присвячена розгляду понятійного апарату інвестиційних ресурсів, а також вдосконалення ефективності їх формування та використання. Викладено основні джерела формування інвестиційних ресурсів підприємства, приведено їх сучасну класифікацію. Розкрито проблеми формування і активізації дії найбільш потужних джерел інвестиційних ресурсів. Розглянуто джерела забезпечення інвестиційних ресурсів та особливостей їх використання сучасними підприємствами. Визначено роль інвестиційних ресурсів в системі управління підприємством, а також виокремлено поняття інвестиційної сфери, як сукупності всіх економічних відносин, які забезпечують розширене відтворення галузей господарства, підприємств різних форм власності та інших господарюючих суб’єктів. Розкрито механізми формування інвестиційних ресурсів підприємств в економіці. Objective. Implementation of investment activities is a necessary condition for stable operation and development of the enterprise. However, increasing the scale of investment without achieving an acceptable level of efficiency does not provide the desired economic result. The processes of formation and use of investment resources (IP) of the enterprise have a decisive influence on the efficiency of investment activity. Methods. The economic conditions formed in the real sector of the economy define investment activity as a factor that characterizes the efficiency of production, organizational, management processes because in some enterprises it is impossible to produce competitive products due to their technological problems and low productivity. After all, the efficiency of economic activity of economic entities depends on the investment policy pursued at the national, sectoral, regional and corporate levels, which allows to attract the maximum amount of available investment resources. Results. Іnvestment resources are, above all, resources aimed at improving the productive forces of the enterprise, representing economic resources that increase the economic capital of society. This is any investment ˗ cash, property, intellectual, etc., including rights to them, have a monetary value in business, economic and other activities for profit, in order to change the financial and economic results of the enterprise, to participate in the management of the company and (or) full control over it. Any investments, regardless of the source ˗ national (funds from the state budget), regional ˗ funds from the budget of the subject of federations, municipal ˗ funds from municipal budgets; corporate; private; collective; foreign. In IP management an important place is occupied by the classification of investments, which allows to understand the types of investments, aimed at influencing the object of management and choose the most effective way of management tools and mechanisms, in other words, the classification of investments reveals subjective object relations of investment processes. Scientific novelty. Тhe conceptual apparatus of investment resources, as well as improving the efficiency of their formation and use are considered. The main sources of formation of investment resources of the enterprise are stated; their modern classification is given. The problems of formation and activation of the most powerful sources of investment resources are revealed. The sources of providing investment resources and features of their use by modern enterprises are considered. The role of investment resources in the enterprise management system is determined, and the concept of investment sphere is singled out as a set of all economic relations that provide expanded reproduction of industries, enterprises of various forms of ownership and other economic entities. The mechanisms of formation of investment resources of enterprises in the economy are revealed. Practical significance. Тhe formation of the optimal structure of investment resources will provide a single comprehensive impact on the investment activities of enterprises and allow them to significantly increase their investment attractiveness and financial stability. A clear idea of the nature and composition of investment resources of the enterprise determines the possibility of further effective management of the processes of their formation and use, which, in turn, is the key to successful operation of the enterprise.