Структура ситуаційних завдань в професійній підготовці авіадиспетчерів

Abstract

У статті проаналізовано наукові роботи з ситуаційного та проблемного навчання, розглянуто вимоги до створення ситуаційних завдань. Визначено структуру ситуаційних завдань в підготовці авіадиспетчерів з урахуванням наукових напрацювань та особливостей професійної діяльності авіадиспетчерів як операторів складних систем управління. The article analyzes scientific works on situational and problem-based learning and considers the requirements for situational tasks creating. The structure of situational tasks in the air traffic controllers’ training has been determined, taking into account scientific developments and features of air traffic controllers’ professional activity as operators of complex control systems. Peculiarities of air traffic controllers’ professional activity, in particular, high probability of occurrence of non-standard situations, cause necessity of problem-based training application. Situational learning technology is theoretically and methodologically related to such modern technologies as problem-based and interactive learning. Terminologically situational training is based on the terminology of problem-based learning, many terms are similar, so when determining the structure of the situational task we will take into account scientific developments in both - problem-based and situational learning, and the structure should reflect the air traffic controllers’ professional training as operators of complex control systems. In order to establish the structure of the situational tasks of air traffic controllers’ professional training, an analysis of scientific works on problem-based training, situational training, operator activities, requirements for professional training and activities of air traffic controllers has been conducted. On the basis of these researches the components of a situational task are specified: conditions of a situation, the maintenance of a situation, criteria of a task performance estimation, the decision of a situational task. The scientific provisions of problem-based learning, situational learning, operator activities, requirements for professional training and air traffic controllers’ activities have been analyzed. Based on the generalization of the materials analysis results, the structure of situational tasks in the air traffic controllers’ training has been determined. This structure consists of the following components: situation conditions, situation content, criteria for evaluating the task, solving the situational task. Further areas of research are the analysis of the proposed components in order to regulate the complexity of such tasks for the implementation of an adaptive approach in the air traffic controllers’ professional training.