Доцільність впровадження STEM-освіти в навчальний процес ЗВО

Abstract

У статті актуалізується питання якісної підготовки майбутніх фахівців, зокрема набуття ними необхідних фахових компетентностей. Наголошується на необхідності застосування в освітньому середовищі ЗВО сучасних педагогічних технологій, у тому числі STEM-освіти. Характеризуються різновиди STEM-освіти (STEАM і STREAM) та зазначається, що впровадження означених технологій має стратегічне значення у контексті розвитку інноваційної вітчизняної освіти. The article is focused on the issue of qualitative training of future specialists, in particular, the acquisition of the necessary professional competencies. The views of scientists on the concept of competence and professional competence are analyzed. The requirements for airmen are expanded and it is stated that the formation of the necessary professional competencies results in the improvement of professional training in institutions of higher education. It is emphasized that in the era of digital technologies and creative economies, it is important to employ the competencies that promote critical thinking, interaction and communication, creative approach to the job. It is emphasized on the necessity to apply modern educational technologies in the academic environment of institutions of higher education, including STEM-education. STEM – education combines physical sciences, technology, engineering (designing) and mathematics, which enables young people to develop their intellectual, cognitive, creative abilities to solve complex problems and complete tasks, critical thinking, cognitive flexibility, cooperation, management, implementation of innovation activities, etc. Types of STEM education (STEAM and STREAM) are described: – STEAM (Physical Sciences, Technology, Engineering, Humanities, Mathematics) – interdisciplinary integration of science, technology, engineering and mathematics and the Humanities. – STREAM (Physical sciences, technology, reading and writing, engineering, Humanities, Mathematics) – is based on the merger of disciplines on an interdisciplinary basis (integrated training according to certain subjects, rather than separate disciplines) and aims to form key professional and social-personal competencies of students, which determines their competitiveness in the labor market. It is emphasized that the introduction of the indicated technologies has a strategic importance in the context of the development of innovative national education. It is stated that the newest indicated pedagogical technology demonstrates a powerful scientific potential for effective professional training of future specialists, with the introduction of research approach in the teaching of academic disciplines in institutions of higher education.