До проблеми розвитку критичного мислення майбутніх авіаційних фахівців

Abstract

Стаття розглядає проблему розвитку умінь критичного мислення майбутніх авіаційних фахівців. Сучасні вимоги до професійної підготовки спеціаліста ґрунтуються на формуванні здатності розвʼязувати складні задачі й проблеми у професійній діяльності. Констатовано, що в авіаційній сфері недостатній рівень критичного мислення призводить до фатальних помилок. Зарубіжний досвід констатує підвищений інтерес до цієї проблеми у процесі підготовки авіаційних фахівців. The article examines the problem of critical thinking development of future aviation specialists. In conditions of high competitiveness and globalization of the educational space, Ukraine must provide high-quality professional training of the specialist capable of working both in standard and non-standard conditions, solving complex specialized problems and practical problems in a certain area of the professional activity. The term “critical thinking” is defined as the careful application of reason in the determination of whether a claim is true. The Collegiate Learning Assessment (CLA) Project of the Council for Aid to Education has come up with a list of skills that covers the list of skills important in critical thinking: distinguish between rational claims and emotional ones; separate fact from opinion; recognize the ways in which evidence might be limited or compromised; spot deception and holes in the arguments of others; present his /her own analysis of the data or information; recognize logical flaws in arguments; draw connections between discrete sources of data and information; determine what information is or is not pertinent; attend to contradictory, inadequate, or ambiguous information; construct cogent arguments rooted in data rather than opinion; select the strongest set of supporting data; avoid overstated conclusions; identify holes in the evidence and suggest additional information to collect; recognize that a problem may have no clear answer or single solution; propose other options and weigh them in the decision; consider all stakeholders or affected parties in suggesting a course of action; articulate the argument and the context for that argument; correctly and precisely use evidence to defend the argument; logically and cohesively organize the argument; avoid extraneous elements in an argumentʼs development; present evidence in an order that contributes to a persuasive argument. As the foundation of our research we take Bloomʼs Taxonomy which categorizes thinking skills from the concrete to the abstract-knowledge, comprehension, application, analysis, synthesis, and evaluation. The last three are considered higher-order skills. Thus, higher order thinking skills are analysis, synthesis, and evaluation skills. They describe the thinking skills used in judgment, decision-making, and critical thinking. It is stated that in the aviation sphere insufficient level of critical thinking leads to fatal errors. The development of critical thinking skills is of paramount importance for future pilots, air traffic controllers and aircraft maintenance engineers due to modern requirements to these professions and responsibilities. Foreign experience of the USA and Europe shows increased interest in this problem in the process of training aviation specialists.