Аналіз стану авіаційної галузі України та пошук шляхів подолання негативних наслідків пандемії

Abstract

У статті розглянуто стан цивільної авіації України під час економічної кризи, викликаної пандемією. Наведено статистичні дані, які висвітлюють тенденції розвитку галузі за останні роки. Також з’ясовано пріоритети діяльності та заходи підтримки цивільної авіації, запропоновані провідними міжнародними організаціями ICAO та IATA. Зроблено оцінку зарубіжного досвіду по збереженню авіаційної галузі. Встановлено ряд антикризових заходів з боку українського уряду по відновленню стану авіаційного транспорту. Запропоновано ряд додаткових заходів, адаптованих до українських реалій. Результати аналізу стану та оцінка заходів підтримки цивільної авіації України можуть бути використані у подальших дослідженнях щодо перспектив збереження та відновлення ефективності функціонування українських авіаційних підприємств. The article analyzes the state of the aviation industry in Ukraine for the 1st quarter of 2020 in order to assess the consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic. The main indicators of the industry a significant decline in passenger traffic Ukrainian airlines - to 67 percent, foreign airlines by 54.2 percent, the airports of Ukraine served for 56.7 per cent less aircraft, passenger traffic through the airports of Ukraine decreased by 61.8 percent, postgratuate – 8.1 compared with the same period last year. The aviation industry was the most vulnerable to the global economic crisis. Global and Ukrainian airlines faced a significant decline in demand, and since aviation is a low-margin business, where all market participants have a very strong influence on each other and earn only when passenger transportation is uninterrupted, financial losses from airlines spread to the entire industry. Of course, the need emerged for rapid response to a crisis situation, both on the part of airlines, airports, state enterprise for air traffic services and the state, using all possible levers and resources to preserve the aviation industry of Ukraine. The problem of preserving and restoring civil aviation is primarily actively addressed by leading international organizations, such as the ICAO and IATA. Recommendations have been developed for States to reduce the level of risk in the aviation industry, which are divided into four categories: 1) measures to ensure flight safety and aviation security; 2) aviation measures to protect public health; 3) measures to simplify formalities; 4) economic and financial measures. It argues that today, it is important to ensure effective state support, such as providing non-repayable financial assistance for the payment of salary arrears and tax breaks for taxes paid in connection with its payment; provide targeted non-repayable assistance to repay the debt that formed the beginning of the action in the country of quarantine, for services rendered to the airline state enterprises and organizations; obtaining long-term interest-free loans from state-owned banks under state guarantees to prevent a crisis due to lack of working capital and for current needs; resolving the issue of performing transit flights of Ukrainian airlines in the airspace of neighboring countries; implementing mirror measures on the part of Ukraine; eliminating discriminatory restrictions for Ukrainian airlines compared to foreign ones (excise taxes on fuel, VAT on domestic flights, customs clearance of spare parts, etc.); refund to airports of overpaid dividends for 2019 and reduce airport dividends by up to 30% for at least five years. Currently, the Ukrainian government developed a program to stimulate the economy to overcome the effects of COVID -19 "Economic recovery", the programme is relatively aviazionnoj industry planned government initiatives such as tax holidays; a moratorium on payment obligations; partial cancellation of the lease and lease payments; financial support to Aviacenter; zero rate VAT for domestic transport; the preservation of the slots and rights to operate air lines. Amendments to the Air code of Ukraine have been adopted to improve the mechanism for collecting airport fees. The results of the study are proposed to be used in the future to develop a set of anti-crisis measures to preserve and restore the aviation industry in Ukraine.