Дуальна освіта як перспектива розвитку вищої школи України

Abstract

Аналізуються поняття «дуальність» і «дуальна система». Вивчається закордонний досвід щодо дуальної системи навчання у вищих закладах освіти, зокрема у льотних школах європейських країн. Зауважується, що дуальне навчання у вищій школі може бути визначено як поєднання формальної і неформальної освіти. Наголошується, що дуальна система забезпечує рівновагу між попитом та пропозицією фахівців на ринку праці. Окреслюються перспективні шляхи впровадження дуальної системи навчання у вітчизняних вищих школах. Introduction. It is marked by the author, that in the context of upgrading of the system of future specialists’ professional preparation, dual system is becoming more and more popular in different countries of the world. Colleges and higher institutions are a part of the European model of professional training of personnel, there is a social partnership between vocational schools and enterprises. Programs of professional studying are becoming more popular due to their effectiveness: they are based on theoretical preparation in educational establishment in combination with preparation in the workplace. Purpose. The aim of this article is analysis of foreign experience of dual education in the system of professional preparation of future specialists and defining of perspective ways of introduction of dual approach in the system of higher school of Ukraine. Methods. During research the empiric and theoretical methods of research were used, namely: theoretical analysis and synthesis of psychological and pedagogical scientific sources, observation, comparison, interviewing. Results. Concepts «duality» and «dual system» are analyzed in the article. Foreign experience is studied in relation to the dual system of studying inhigher educational establishment, namely in flight schools of the European countries. It is emphasized that in pedagogics the concept «dual system» was first used in FRG in the middle 1960s for definition of new form of professional studies. Dual system of studying means parallel studying in an educational establishment and at manufacturing site. It is marked that dual studying at higher school can be considered as combination of formal and informal education. It was defined the main features of dual studying at higher school. Itis underlined that dual system provides balance in offer and demand of specialists at the labor market. Originality. It was outlined the perspective ways of introduction of the dual system of education in Ukrainian higher schools. In particular, it was considered an example of collaboration of Kirovohrad Flight Academy of National Aviation University with UIA (Ukrainian International Airlines) and other employers, that take interest in highly skilled and competitive specialists. Conclusion. Dual studying includes the concept of working activity as a part of tutorial within the framework of formal university studying. It provides relationships between parties concerned - employer, educational establishment and student (a worker), that participate in the studying process, formation of knowledge and skills. The feature of studying is an integral curriculum that is drawn up both by educational establishment and enterprise. Parties concerned operate in a general context. The dual model of studying offers the alternative approach to traditional teaching and studying at higher school. The abovementioned practice will contribute to the improvement of professional preparation offuture specialists, as it stimulates students to acquire necessary competences; it means that a confidence in future employment after graduating from educational establishment is a motivating factor.